PDF Download Turning the Tide: U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace

PDF Download Turning the Tide: U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace

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Turning the Tide: U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace

PDF Download Turning the Tide: U.S. Intervention in Central America and the Struggle for Peace

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Audible Audiobook

Listening Length: 14 hours and 21 minutes

Program Type: Audiobook

Version: Unabridged

Publisher: Audible Studios

Audible.com Release Date: July 28, 2015

Language: English, English

ASIN: B01132YBF8

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

Accurate history of Central America in the 70's-80's is really difficult to come by. Thankfully, this book exists among a sea of "America did it to fight Communism" books that overflow the Central America section at my local used bookstore.

I recall reading an interview with Noam Chomsky where he said he once awoke to what he thought was an actual earthquake, but upon investigating it turned out that the vast columns of books in his study had toppled over (the domino effect?). This speak volumes for the vast amount of research that goes into Chomsky writings. The endnotes in themselves are a vital resource pointing the inquisitive reader to a vast array of sources for those interested in how the world operates in reality as opposed to how it works at the rhetorical level of politicians and mainstream journalists.Turning the Tide is no exception, over half the book covers U.S. interventions in Central America throughout the twentieth century in general with a particular emphasis on the recent past as it was when the book was published in 1985. The picture is not a pretty one, support for military dictatorships in their efforts to destroy the popular organizations of the down trodden peasantry in Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador. In Nicaragua where the peasantry and the ordinary people had thrown off the yoke of the Somoza dictatorship, the U.S. was supporting the Contra ("freedom fighters" in the parlance of Ronald Regan) in their attacks on the country. These brave "freedom fighters" attacks were focused on the achievements of the Sandinista regime: Clinics, Schools, Cooperatives. A number of names involved in the brutal U.S. policy in Central America later crop up in Iraq during the Bush II regimes attack on that country (see Greg Grandins brilliant exposition of this Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism for more information).Chomsky analysis focuses on the U.S. involvement in Central America, there is much detailed research into the reality of that involvement which with a occasionally coruscating sense of satire Chomsky compares with the rhetoric from politicians and the writing of journalists. The gap between reality and rhetoric is awesome.The other part of the book contemplates the state of the Nuclear arm race and "star wars", the situation in the U.S. domestic scene in the face of the Regan administrations swing towards the rich. It concludes with a sober analysis of the prospects for real change, and what might be entailed in reaching that objective.Despite this book being around 25 years old it is still pertinent and a valuable aid to understanding. Those parts of the book that deal with the last administration that had an alleged concern for human rights, that of Jimmy Carter, can be read as a warning against wishful thinking with regard to the Obama administration.

Chomsky published this book in early 1986 on U.S. imperialism in Latin American and its institutional roots and history. It was published before such events as the June 1986 ruling of the World Court of Justice ordering the United States to cease its terrorist war against Nicaragua and pay substantial reparations to it, the 1987 Esquipulas accords and the 1990 elections in Nicaragua all or much of which Chomsky covers in books published in the years after this book ("The Culture of Terrorism," "Necessary Illusions," "Deterring Democracy," etc.). But nonetheless he makes some excellent points in this book and I'm glad I read it.There is alot of stuff in this book about the background to the U.S. intervention in Central America in the 1980's including the Kennedy administration's policies like the "Alliance For Progress" and the decision to switch the mission of the Latin American military from "hemispheric defense" to "internal security" in 1962, as well the secret documents from the 1940's from George Kennan and the other evidence where U.S. planners lay out their plan for the "Grand Area," define just what they mean by "communist" and "communist aggression," and so on. He has written on this in alot of other places.But the immediate roots for the intervention and support for the death squads, Chomsky shows, started during the Carter "human rights" administration. During that time, he shows, the Reaganite programs of massive military spending and cutback of social programs began. Carter continued to support the Guatemalan Nazi-like military, despite a few token gestures that were apparently not enforced. Contrary to much illusion, he tried to keep Somoza in power to the very end of his barbaric rule, and probably sparked the final uprising against him by sending a letter in the summer of 1978 praising him for his devotion to human rights (he was making similar comments to the Shah of Iran at the same time). He vastly increased U.S. aid to El Salvador after an October 1979 military coup by reformist officers who were quickly pushed aside by fanatic rightist officers who began their mass murder in early 1980, as the archbishop of San Salvador Oscar Romero was writing to Carter to beg him to stop military aid to the murderous junta and the oligarchy saying that it would "sharpen injustice against the people's organizations who are fighting for their most fundamental human rights." Archbishop Romero was assasinated shorly after by the forces of Ricardo Lau, a Nicaraguan Contra, in the employ of the notorious death squad leader Roberto D'aubuisson, according to the former chief of Salvadoran intelligence Roberto Santivanez. As Archbishop Romero's successor was condemning "a war of extermination and genocide against a defenseless civillian populatoion" Jose Napolean Duarte, a former dissident liberal, decided to completely sell out and become the figurehead civillian president of the junta to salve the conscience of the New York Times liberals. He joined forces with the killers whom he had been condemning shortly before, and though at one point admitting "the masses are with the guerillas he spent alot of his time denouncing the Salvadoran Catholic church and other courageous people struggling to document the unimaginable horror the U.S. backed military was committing against defenseless peasants.During the Carter years, congressional legislation prevented direct aid and training to the remnants of Somoza's national gaurd operating in Honduras, so Israel, the neo-Nazi dictatorship in Argentina, and other such friends of freedom stepped in to fill the void. The Reaganites, of course, felt no need for such caution and jumped in to aid and train them directly. Chomsky traces the evolution of the Reaganite campaign against Nicaragua: the February 1981 White Paper which was so ridiculous even many U.S. journalists saw its fraudulence, to the downright silly claim that Nicaragua was managing to send weapons to El Salvador through the Gulf of Fonseca, to the final policy settled upon which was that Nicaragua was a Stalinist dungeon taht was destablizing its neighbors (translation from Orwellian: trying to acquire weapons to defend itself from the terrorist war being waged against it by the U.S. and its proxy army). He notes that the 1984 elections in Sandanista Nicaragua was declared to be free and fair by a wide variety of observors who took note of the extraordinary fact that political forces calling for the overthrow of the government were allowed to take part in the election. The U.S. dismissed it as fraudulent while declaring to be a model of democracy the election that took place in El Salvador the same year which was declared by Lord Chitnis of the British parliamentary delegation to be conducted under conditions of "intense terror, grizzly rumor and macabre reality."He also analyzes the bipartisan attack on democracy and the welfare state (what we have of one) in the wake of the erosion of U.S. economic dominance of the world because of the Vietnam war, spearheaded at the time of his writing by the Reagan "conservatives" i.e. statist reactionaries devoted to a massive welfare state for the wealthy, one that is violent, intrusive and unaccountable in its actions at home and abroad. He devotes a section to analyzing "Star Wars" and U.S. nuclear policy. I'm not going to say I understood everything in it but it was immensely helpful nonetheless, especially considering the recent emergence of "National Missle Defense" and its bipartisan support and unfortunate support amongst the general population.

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